Legal Sites and Resources in the UK, D to E

This page covers online legal resources related to data protection, defamation, discrimination, disability, education, employment, environment.

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Data Protection, Privacy,
Freedom of Information
Defamation and Media Discrimination and Disability
Education Employment Environment

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Data Protection, Privacy, Freedom of Information

  • Data Protection Act 1998
  • Freedom of Information Act 2000 came into force on 1st January 2005.
  • The Privacy and Electronic Communications (EC directive) Regulations 2003 governs telphone marketing, email, SMS, MMS and any future types of electronic communication. This broadly requires consent from the recipient before unsolicited emails can be sent ("opt in" consent rather than "opt out" consent).
  • Information Commissioner's Office (ICO), previously the Data Protection Commissioner continues to enforce the Data Protection Act 1998, and is now also responsible for Freedom of Information. The site provides information on Principles of Data Protection, Guidance Notes, and other publications. You can search the "register of data controllers".
  • Freedom of Information Resources from the Directgov site.
  • DPA Law (Data Protection Act Law) is the website of the Privacy and Information Law Group at European Law firm Field Fisher Waterhouse. This site contains a great deal of free information about data protection, privacy and confidentiality law, including:
    * The A-Z of data protection and privacy, a glossary of key words and phrases in data protection law with links to relevant resources.
    * Links to core European data protection and privacy laws, including legislation and court cases.
    * Links to worldwide regulatory bodies and public authorities that have responsibilities for data protection and privacy.
    * Articles, briefing notes and legal analysis written by lawyers at the firm.
  • Privacy Laws & Business is a private body providing consultancy, newsletters, courses and conferences on this topic. There is a particularly good set of international data protection links on the site.
  • PDP is the publisher of leading expert journals in the field of compliance. They publish Privacy & Data Protection journal and Freedom of Information journal, each of which contains articles contributed by the leading experts in the field as well as news items and editorials.
  • Act Now Training is a company run by Ibrahim Hasan and Paul Simpkins specialising in all aspects of data protection, Freedom of Information and surveillance law (RIPA and RIPSA). The website includes free webcasts and podcasts on these topics which are eligible for CPD credits from the SRA and ILEX. There is also a Twitter feed to keep you up to date with the latest information law news.
  • Information Law is a blog run by Ibrahim Hasan covering data protection, freedom of Information and surveillance law (RIPA and RIPSA). There are also a number of free articles to download on these topics.
  • DataGuidance is a new web resource designed to assist lawyers and companies to understand data protection principles, as they apply in real life, in UK, Europe and (over a period of time) the world as a whole. The resource has been created by Cecile Park Publishing Ltd, led by Lindsey Greig. It brings together all the legislation, official guidance and codes of practice as well as Data Guidance Notes, written by data protection experts on key issues such as data transfer, e-mail marketing, employee monitoring and data breaches. This is a subscription resource but it can be purchased in short access periods. The company is very willing to provide a telephone-assisted free trial, on request.
  • Amberhawk Training run by Dr Chris Pounder and Sue Cullen, comprised formerly the information law training business of law firm Pinsent Masons LLP. They are the longest-established training team dedicated to information law and developed the earliest accredited training courses for the ISEB qualifications in data protection and freedom of information. Their expertise also covers RIPA, Human Rights, Lawful Business Practice Regulations, Re-use of Public Sector Information, PECR, direct marketing rules and other aspects of information law, including information assurance and security. Their topical Blog Hawktalk, covers Data Protection and FOI issues.
  • 5RB (5 Raymond Buildings) is a leading set of barristers specialising in all areas of media and entertainment law, defamation and freedom of expression. There are over 300 case reports on the site covering areas including Privacy, Data Protection and Freedom of Information. The case reports include very recent ones and in many cases, copies of the judgments are appended. You can also register on the site for email briefings with monthly round-ups of key issues and new cases covered on the site.
  • Freedom of Information Act is a blog which provides news and developments on Freedom of Information in the UK. The blog is run by the Campaign for Freedom of Information. It was established in May 2003 by Steve Wood, who ran it until the end of February 2007 when he took up the post of Assistant Commissioner at the Information Commissioner's Office.


Media and Defamation

  • David Price Solicitors & Advocates - London, are experts in media law and they provide a Guide to Media Law covering Defamation, Breach of confidence and privacy, Malicious falsehood, Contempt of court and Copyright. They provide a newsletter on the site (or you an sign up to receive it by email) containing reports and comment on media law. They aim to cover all cases in the High Court and Court of Appeal as well as decisions of the European Court of Human Rights on freedom of expression and relevant adjudications of the Press Complaints Commission and the Broadcasting Standards Commission.
  • One Brick Court are recognised as leaders in the fields of defamation, privacy and the law as it affects freedom of expression and the publication of false, damaging and intrusive information. There is an extensive Media Law Update on the site, with reports of the latest cases and also articles written by members of chambers.
  • 5RB (5 Raymond Buildings) is a leading set of barristers specialising in all areas of media and entertainment law, defamation and freedom of expression. Most of the leading cases in recent times have involved members of Chambers. There are over 300 case reports on the site including cases in this area. The case reports include very recent ones and in many cases, copies of the judgments are appended. You can also register on the site for email briefings with monthly round-ups of key issues and new cases covered on the site.


Discrimination and Disability

  • The Equality and Human Rights Commission is the statutory body set up to protect, enforce and promote equality across the seven "protected" grounds - age, disability, gender, race, religion and belief, sexual orientation and gender reassignment.
  • Disability is a section on the Government's Direct Gov site, providing information on the legal situation, policy, programmes and links to other bodies.
  • rehabwindow lists providers of disability and rehabilitation related services and products. There is a good set of links to bodies working in this area.
  • Deaf Lawyers UK covers issues relating to Deaf lawyers, as well as Deaf issues within the legal system. The website was set up by a group of Deaf solicitors, barristers, law students and people trying to qualify as lawyers. It aims to respond to access issues, publicise specialised information and raise awareness of issues Deaf people face within the legal system. The site includes a Deaf Blawg. This is updated frequently and includes contributions from a number of people. Prime topics appearing so far are immigration, citizenship and asylum, and special problems for deaf people in these contexts, covered generally, but not entirely, from a legal point of view.
  • Employment Tribunal Claims: tactics and precedents is a blog from barrister Naomi Cunningham to update and supplement her recently published book of the same name. The site also contains links to all the statutory discrimination questionnaires in particular, Disability, Equal Pay, Orientation, Race, Religion or Belief and Sex, which can otherwise be quite hard to track down.
  • The Incorporated Council of Law Reporting provide "Industrial Cases Reports Express". This gives previews of the Industrial Cases Reports before they are available in printed form. The Express service takes the form of summaries giving the ratio of the decision and these will be updated as soon as headnotes become available. The reports cover employment law, discrimination, competition and associated topics.
  • Disability Discrimination is a new website related to a book written by Richard Oulton and Spencer Keen on disability discrimination. It covers legislation and recent case law related to this topic.

  • Judicial Review is the topic covered by London-based solicitors Pierce Glynn who specialise in public law, discrimination law and human rights. They work with campaign groups and advice agencies, as well as individuals, particularly relating to judicial reviews. They have set up a resource on their site relating to judicial review including case studies on Post Office closures, access to healthcare, playground redevelopmentand the Hounslow Language Service. There are also two guides: one explaining when judicial review may be relevant, and the other providing an overview of judicial review procedure. (see also under Employment Law, below)

Education Law

  • Education Law Unit of Govan Law Centre has an extensive site covering educational issues. The unit, partly funded by Glasgow city Council, describes itself as "the national expert legal resource for anyone who advises either children with special educational needs or their parents. Working in partnership with the voluntary, statutory and independent sectors, we seek to increase the quality and availability of training, information and advice available to such advisers and to support and assist them in making the rights of children with special educational needs a reality." As well as the material on special educational needs, the site covers Scottish Educational news generally and developments in legal issues with frequent updates.
  • 11 Kings Bench Walk maintains a series of case reports on recent cases.
  • Jordans Education Law Reports Online are a subscription service covering cases from all levels of court including the European Court of Human Rights, coverage of all levels of education from schools to university, and headnotes written by leading experts in the field.
  • Special Educational Needs & Disability Tribunal. Parents whose children have special educational needs can appeal to this Tribunal against decisions made by local education authorities (LEAs) in England and Wales about their children's education. The Tribunal is independent of both central and local Government.
  • The Education Law Association (ELAS) was founded in 1991 to support the advancement of education for the public benefit from pre-school through primary, secondary, further, higher and adult education.


Employment Law

  • The Employment Appeal Tribunal provides Judgments in full text, indexed by type of case (Sex Discrimination, Transfer of Undertakings, Unfair Dismissal etc), Appellant, Respondent or Judge. These are available in html format. Other parts of the site are available in pdf format, including Cause Lists and forms. There is also a good section written for non-lawyers, on whether there is cause for appeal and what the procedures are.
  • Employment Tribunal Press (warned) and Daily cause lists from the 25 Employment Tribunals in England, Wales and Scotland, are now available on the Courtserve Legal Information website. This is the page to sign up for the full subscription version, but there is also a free version available on the page (although you do have to register with the Courtserve web site for this).
  • emplaw.co.uk (from DiscLaw Publishing) is a specialist employment law portal. The site provides extensive employment law commentary (under the supervision of Henry Scrope who is co-author of the Law Society's "Employment Law Handbook") and aims to be a "one stop shop" providing access from a single place to everything which an employment lawyer is likely to want on the internet. The free area provides 4,500 cross-referenced fact cards spelling out the basics of employment law. The professional (subscription) area provides more extensive commentary plus thousands of categorised hyperlinks to a vast mass of source and other freely available employment law related background material. The service also offers a comprehensive selection of precedents by Michael Duggan of Littleton Chambers and an archive of Daniel Barnett's bulletins. It also provides summaries and/or headnotes of all cases reported in IRLR and ICR since January 2000, hyperlinked to full judgments, and a twice weekly hyperlinked "web-updater" provided to subscribers by e-mail, RSS and on the website itself. Free trials are available.
  • R2b Media Ltd is a company providing employment law news and information to over 11,000 professionals in the UK. The information is provided by lawyers from Hansells, Morton Fraser, Samuel Phillips and Heptonstalls. It is provided in the form of professionally written business information updates and podcasts which are published on a monthly basis and sent out to subscribers free of charge.
  • Equal Opportunities Review (EOR Online) is a print and online subscription service from Michael Rubenstein Publishing. It provides equality, diversity and discrimination law and practice information for HR and legal professionals including news, analysis, case studies, surveys, case law reports, analysis of legislation, codes of practice and a monthly diary section discussing recent developments. Expert commentary is provided by leading people in the world of discrimination law and diversity. Subscribers also receive email alerts for important breaking news. A free trial of the journal can be requested on the site and it is also possible to browse and search the site without charge.
  • XpertHR is a subscription service for HR professionals, bringing together expertise from Personnel Today, IRS, LexisNexis Butterworths Tolley and specially commissioned reports. The service offers: reference manual, employment law reports, a free legal advice line, up-to-the-minute news, surveys and statistics, questions and answers, benchmarking help, legislation (including upcoming law), statutory rates, recruitment help (including a CV checking facility), model policies and contracts and a how to section. There are flexible subscription options available, from single users to multiple user licences.
  • PLC Employment is an online subscription service run by Practical Law Company for employment lawyers. It provides a comprehensive bank of practice notes, standard documents, drafting notes and checklists which are continually maintained by its team of specialist lawyers. It also provides updates on developments that would be of interest to employment lawyers. A free trial is available and non-subscribers are able to access some parts of the service, including a short summary of all developments in the last month, a table of current rates and limits and the PLC Glossary, which contains definitions of those meaningless terms that are used by lawyers in practice, such as AESOP, Golden formula and PILON.
  • Daniel Barnett, a leading employment barrister who has used the web very effectively over the last few years to provide information on employment topics.
  • serial-litigants.com provides a unique and valuable service to those who find themselves caught up in employment tribunal litigation. They undertake a nation-wide search of your opponent to find out whether they have previously won or lost any employment tribunal cases. Armed with information about other claims, the opportunities for achieving a successful outcome (or even a strike-out without a full cost hearing) can be greatly increased.
  • Roydens is the employment law site of David Royden, Employment Law Solicitor, Laytons Solicitors. The site contains over 50 pages of employment law information and offers free e-mail advice on employment law issues. David Royden is head of Employment Law at the Manchester Office of Laytons Solicitors which also has offices in London and Guildford.
  • There are a number of Low Pay Units around the country campaigning to end low pay and poverty and to make sure that these issues are not neglected or forgotten by the government of the day and other key decision makers. Their websites, variously, provide information and advice on employment rights, pay rates, benefit entitlement, tax and national insurance, to individuals and advisers:
  • Employment Cases Update is a service for employment lawyers from Bath Publishing that provides free access to the full text of key employment law cases as they are published, from the Supreme Court, Court of Appeal, High Court and EAT, starting from January 2010. Many of the cases have been sourced from existing free resources but are convenient to find in one place, rather than having to search across these other sources. The text is all free to view and users can also sign up for a free weekly newsletter or a RSS feed. Associated with the case reports is a modestly priced CPD facility.
  • There are several useful email updates for employment lawyers -
    • Daniel Barnett, a barrister specialising in employment matters, provides a free email bulletin, usually one or two a week, detailing new legislation and important employment law cases. Around 6,000 people subscribe to this mailing. There is also an archive of the bulletins on his site.
    • Emplaw produces a free twice weekly British employment law "web-updater" e-mail in two versions, one for emplaw subscribers and the other for anyone. A searchable archive goes back to 2005. These web-updaters are the most comprehensive source of British employment law update information available but are kept manageable by highlighting important items and categorising all items.
    • Employment Litigator Online is a blog from Gary David Armstrong, a UK Employment Lawyer working in Manchester. The blog is designed for "all those interested in Employment Law and its development domestically and internationally". There are regular and quite detailed case reports from significant recent judgments particularly from the Employment Appeal Tribunal.
    • Hegarty & Co. provide a site they call e-ssentials which provides bulletins as and when there is a significant development.
    • Employment Relation Solicitors Tony Bertin, offers a monthly newsletter on employment issues.
  • Employment Lawyers Association provides information mainly for members.
  • Lawrite HR provides employment law and HR solutions for employers in the UK. The Lawrite Employment Law software was first launched in 1999. The current version works through the web browser and seamlessly combines locally-stored document templates, PDF guides and manuals, with web-based news and update files. There are more than 120 templates including employment contracts, policies and procedures and sample letters to employees. The software is available as part of a range of services including 24/7 telephone legal support, an insurance-backed Employment Tribunal indemnity scheme and different levels of HR support including bespoke drafting of contracts, staff handbooks and other HR documents.
  • The Federation of European Employers (formerly the EU Employers' Network) is an association for progressive employers operating across Europe. The Federation was founded in 1989, with financial assistance from DGV of the European Commission. Today it has members in all EEA states - plus Switzerland, The Czech Republic, Russia, USA, Canada, Japan and Israel. The site is a major source of pan-European national pay, employment law and collective bargaining data on the web. It includes legislation from the many countries it represents.
  • The Incorporated Council of Law Reporting provide "Industrial Cases Reports Express". This gives previews of the Industrial Cases Reports before they are available in printed form. The Express service takes the form of summaries giving the ratio of the decision and these will be updated as soon as headnotes become available. The reports cover employment law, discrimination, competition and associated topics.
  • John Antell, from Godolphin Chambers in Truro, provides reports on employment law cases, particularly those relating to the employment status of agency workers and contractors. There is also a FAQ section on IR35 topics. (Take the embedded links towards the bottom of the page).
  • Charles Price, of No5 Chambers, Birmingham, Bristol and London, provides a site covering the latest developments in employment law and offering practical advice for employment lawyers. You can sign up for a regular email "E-Missive" on these topics.
  • UK National Workplace Bullying Advice Line where Tim Field covers workplace bullying, harassment, discrimination andd related topics. There are links to legislation and case reports.
  • OneClickHR plc is a major provider of HR services. There is a good news section with summaries of current employment-related news stories and a section covering legal employment topics in the Employer's Guide to HR; this is free upon registration. There is also a range of charged employment law related services including drafting tailored employment contracts, employee handbooks and compromise agreements, downloadable employment policies, and a legal advice line.
  • HRBullets.co.uk is an e-mail-based information service on employment law and HR issues, aimed at anyone with responsibilities for managing staff. It is based on the principle of "less is more" in that the publisher sorts through a mass of material, extracts what is relevant/important for those with staff responsibilities, and reports in plain English. The service comprises Newsletters, Alerts, Checklists, a LawTracker and a Helpline. Annual subscription cost is £199 a year.
  • humanresources-centre.net is a site from Croner.CCH aimed at employers. It offers free guidance on employment and other HR issues, a discussion forum and free newsletters (you have to register for some of this material).
See also the section on Health and Safety


Environmental Law

  • ENDS Environmental Data Services provides daily news and many reports. This is a subscription service but there are free samples on line and free trials available.
  • The UK Environmental Law Association is the national association for those involved in the practice, study or formulation of Environmental Law. It has amongst its aims:
    * To collate and disseminate information relating to environmental law and
    * To identify, review, advise and comment on issues of environmental law and its application.
    There are events listed on the site and also copies of consultation papers and responses to government and international initiatives.
  • The Landmark Chambers Centre for Environmental Law offers podcasts, articles and training courses on the latest developments from the UK's leading barristers' chambers in environmental and planning law. Details of the regular seminars and other events held by the Centre are posted on the site regularly."
  • United Nations Environment Programme covers International treaties and programmes dealing with the environment and sustainable development and is also a source of further links.
  • "Best Environmental Directories" A massive set of references in several languages to web environmental resources, including legal ones, supported by the Belgian Government.
  • Greenpeace has become a major web resource for matters of environmental concern.
  • Earth's Environmental Experts (3E) Database, with experts in many environmental and ecological specialisms. The 3E Database is a searchable database. The search is free, online, although you can ask the organisation to do the search for you, in which case a charge is made.
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